Furthermore, a growing body of evidence ... UV radiation levels are highest under cloudless skies but even with cloud cover, UV radiation levels can be high. Throughout the Altiplano region of Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina, UVI values exceed 20. Ground reflection: grass, soil and water reflect less than 10% of UV radiation; fresh snow reflects as much as 80%; dry beach sand about 15% and sea foam about 25%. The Global Solar UV Index (UVI) is a simple measurement of the UV radiation level at the Earth's surface. There is also evidence that UV radiation reduces the effectiveness of the immune system. UV levels are higher in the north of the country. It has been designed to indicate the potential for adverse health effects and to encourage people to protect themselves. Sunburn is caused by UV radiation which cannot be felt. Table 1: Mean UVI in New Zealand (averaged over one hour at solar noon), Table 2: Peak UVI (cloudless conditions) in New Zealand (averaged over one hour at solar noon). New Zealand's high UV levels contribute to the country having one of the highest melanoma incidence rates in the world. However, New Zealand does not have the highest UV levels. Paper presented at the 2006 UV Workshop, Dunedin. UV radiation exposure is cumulative during the day. 0 to 2: Low. A changing lifestyle and sun-seeking behaviour are responsible for much of the increase in skin cancers. Protect the eyes with wrap-around-design sunglasses or sunglasses with side panels. The UV Index is based on erythemally weighted irradiances (i.e. In countries close to the equator, the UVI can be as much as 20. Emmanuelle Bournay, GRID-Arendal, Tags: It has been designed to indicate the potential for adverse health effects and to encourage people to protect themselves. The higher the number on the UV Index, the higher the radiation level. Read the latest statistics about melanoma on the melanoma webpage. Up to 80% of solar UV radiation can penetrate light cloud cover. PO Box 756 Kotkamp M, McKenzie R, Johnston P, Shiona H, Forgan B, O'Neill M, et al. INTERSUN, the Global UV project, is a collaborative project between WHO, UNEP, WMO, the International Agency on Cancer Research (IARC) and ICNIRP that aims to reduce the burden of disease resulting from exposure to UV radiation. Consequently, the specified UV Index values provide guidance on the typical atmospheric conditions at each respective location. Haze in the atmosphere can even increase UV radiation exposure. Between 2 and 3 million non-melanoma skin cancers and over 130,000 malignant melanomas occur globally each year. Wear protective clothing.Wear a broad brimmed hat to protect the eyes, face and neck. Wellington: NIWA. For more information on interpreting the UV index, see information about the data below. Cloud cover and seasonal variation in sun angle were more dominant factors in UV levels than ozone levels in the past 20 years [2]. Depletion of the ozone layer, which provides a protective filter against UV radiation, may further aggravate the problem. Sunscreens are not intended to increase sun exposure time but to increase protection during unavoidable exposure. Ground reflection: grass, soil and water reflect less than 10% of UV radiation; fresh snow reflects as much as 80%; dry beach sand about 15% and sea foam about 25%. The values of the Index range from zero upward and the higher the Index value, the greater the potential for damage to the skin and eye, and the less time it takes for harm to occur. Beyond its scientific objectives, INTERSUN provides guidance to national authorities and other agencies about effective sun awareness programmes. Liley JB, McKenzie R. 2006. An index of 10 corresponds roughly to midday summer sunlight with a clear sky when the UV index was originally designed; now summertime index values in the tens are common for tropical latitudes, mountainous altitudes, and areas with above-average ozone layer depletion Sunscreen should be applied to parts of the body that remain exposed, like the face and hands. However, other countries in the southern hemisphere have higher UV levels than New Zealand. Since its initial publication in 1995, many countries have been using the UVI to promote sun protection along with the weather forecast in newspapers, TV and radio. Summer-time values in Northern latitudes rarely exceed 8. UV Index worldwide. A Climatology of UVI for New Zealand. Cloud cover: UV radiation levels are highest under cloudless skies but even with cloud cover, they can be high. An index of 0 corresponds to zero UV radiation, as is essentially the case at night. Wellington 6140 The mean (average) UVI level includes cloud cover, while the peak (maximum) UV levels represent cloud-free conditions. Available at: https://www.niwa.co.nz/our-services/online-services/uv-and-ozone/workshops/papers/papersindex. While the levels of UV radiation vary during the day, they reach a maximum around mid-day. Acute effects of UV radiation on the eye include photokeratitis, an inflammation of the cornea and iris, and photoconjunctivitis, an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids. Everyone is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. 2. Summertime values in northern latitudes rarely exceed 8. sun-burning irradiances), published by NIWA. More than 90% of non-melanoma skin cancers occur in fair skinned people who tend to burn.
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