katyusha rocket launcher

BM-31-12 is a vehicle which fires M-31 missiles and has 12 launch tubes. The design was relatively simple, consisting of racks of parallel rails on which rockets were mounted, with a folding frame to raise the rails to launch position. The success and economy of multiple rocket launchers (MRL) have led them to continue to be developed. 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The 82 mm BM-8 was approved in August 1941, and deployed as the BM-8-36 on truck beds and BM-8-24 on T-40 and T-60 light tank chassis. In 1941, a small number of BM-13 launchers were mounted on STZ-5 artillery tractors. This mobility gave the Katyusha, and other self-propelled artillery, another advantage: being able to deliver a large blow all at once, and then move before being located and attacked with counter-battery fire. Katyusha batteries were often massed in very large numbers to create a shock effect on enemy forces. Number of launch rails/tubes is absent here. [3] In 1942, the team of scientists Leonid Shvarts, Moisei Komissarchik and engineer Yakov Shor received the Stalin prize for the development of the BM-8-48. Proper Katyushas (BM-13s) also saw action in the Korean War, used by the Chinese People's Volunteer Army against the South and United Nations forces. Not only is its truck-based configuration not the most common, it also uses 16 x 132 mm M13 rockets as a main armament, has li… Katyusha rocket launchers, which were invented in Voronezh, were mounted on many platforms during World War II, including on trucks, artillery tractors, tanks, and armoured trains, as well as on naval and riverine vessels as assault support weapons. Katyusha Rocket Launcher, built by the Soviet Union,was a type of rocket artillery with multiple rocket launchers attached to the back of a vehicle to provide it with mobility. [3] By the end of 1942, 3,237 Katyusha launchers of all types had been built, and by the end of the war total production reached about 10,000.[10]. BM-13 battery fire, during the Battle of Berlin, April 1945, with metal blast covers pulled over the windshields, The multiple rocket launchers were top secret in the beginning of World War II. Georgian government forces are reported to indiscriminately have used BM-21 or similar rocket artillery in fighting in the 2008 South Ossetia war. [citation needed] Testing with various rockets was conducted through 1940, and the BM-13-16 with launch rails for sixteen rockets was authorized for production. [24], It was reported that BM-21 launchers were used against American forces during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. They were effective in battle, but translated into much anti-Tutsi sentiment in the local media. Multiple rocket launchers such as these deliver explosives to a target area more quickly than conventional artillery, but with lower accuracy and requiring a longer time to reload. In the game, it supports his troops with a rocket volley of 16 rockets. They are fragile compared to artillery guns, but are inexpensive, easy to produce, and usable on any chassis. The Army's Fierce M270 Rocket Launcher Found Inspiration In Russia's Katyusha. The Katyushas of World War II, the first self-propelled artillery mass-produced by the Soviet Union,[1] were usually mounted on ordinary trucks. The rockets were employed by the Tanzania People's Defence Force in the Uganda-Tanzania War. [14], By the end of 1942, 57 regiments were in service—together with the smaller independent battalions, this was the equivalent of 216 batteries: 21% BM-8 light launchers, 56% BM-13, and 23% M-30 heavy launchers. Boyevaya Mashina), 'combat vehicle' for M-13 rockets). But the artillery branch was not fond of the Katyusha, because it took up to 50 minutes to load and fire 24 rounds, while a conventional howitzer could fire 95 to 150 rounds in the same time. this is a rocket artillery made by the Soviet Union in World War II. Short names such as BM-8 or BM-13 were used too. [7], On August 8, 1941, Stalin ordered the formation of eight special Guards mortar regiments under the direct control of the General Headquarters Reserve (Stavka-VGK). The weapon is less accurate than conventional artillery guns, but is extremely effective in saturation bombardment, and was particularly feared by German soldiers. Each regiment comprised three battalions of three batteries, totalling 36 BM-13 or BM-8 launchers. Beyond the notable 132mm BM-13-16 Katyusha model there existed the BM-8-8 mounting eight launch rails for 82mm rockets on an American Willys MB JEEP, the BM-8-24 with twenty-four 82mm launch tubes over Soviet T-40 and T-60 light tank chassis, the BM-8-48 mounting forty-eight 82mm launch … Some allege that the CIA bought Katyushas from the Egyptian military and supplied them to the Mujahideen (via Pakistan's ISI) during the Soviet Afghan war. This model comes in multiple parts that need to be glued together. Unlike other artillery units the M270 isn’t designed for direct support of ground troops. In recent history, they have been used by Russian forces during the First and Second Chechen Wars and by Armenian and Azerbaijani forces during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. The BM-8 also served as the lighter version of the series and could feature anywhere from eight to forty-eight rocket launch tubes. The Katyusha multiple rocket launcher (Russian: Катю́ша, IPA: [kɐˈtʲuʂə] (listen)) is a type of rocket artillery first built and fielded by the Soviet Union in World War II. In particular BM-8-24 had a number of variants: vehicle mounted (ZiS-5 truck), tank mounted (T-40) and tractor mounted (STZ-3). It was introduced during Update 1.67 "Assault" as part of a Victory Day Event known as "KATYUSHA" during the span of May 06 - 10. Soviet BM-13s were known to have been imported to China before the Sino-Soviet split and were operational in the People's Liberation Army. With an efficient crew, the launchers could redeploy to a new location immediately after firing, denying the enemy the opportunity for counterbattery fire. In the years following WWII, the BM-13 was replaced by the 140 mm BM-14 and the BM-31 was replaced by the 240 mm BM-24. The Army's Fierce M270 Rocket Launcher Found Inspiration In Russia's Katyusha Unlike other artillery units the M270 isn’t designed for direct … Thus, had the Katyusha’s rockets fallen on any supply trains on July 16, 1941, those would have been the Soviet trains unable to have left Orsha railroad station. Such names describe launchers only no matter what vehicle they are mounted on. About 95% of these were 122 mm (4.8 in) Syrian-manufactured M-21OF type artillery rockets which carried warheads up to 30 kg (66 lb) and had a range of 20 km, perhaps up to 30 km (19 mi). The term "Katyusha" also went on to form a family of similarly-minded vehicles, fitting different rocket counts on different vehicle chassis types. [24][25][26][27] Most rockets fired at Israel from the Gaza Strip are of the simpler Qassam rocket type, but Hamas has also launched 122-mm Grad-type Katyusha rockets against several cities in Israel,[28] although they are not reported to have truck-mounted launchers. [2] In 1942, the team of scientists Leonid Shvarts, Moisei Komissarchik and engineer Yakov Shor received the Stalin prize for the development of the BM-8-48. Katyusha rocket launchers invented in Voronezh, were mounted on many platforms during World War II, including on trucks, artillery tractors, tanks, and armoured trains, as well as on naval and riverine vessels as assault support weapons, Soviet engineers also mounted single Katyusha rockets on lengths of railway track to serve in urban combat.. The BM-8 Rocket Launcher, or "Katyusha",N 1 was a series of rocket launcher systems that was used by the Soviet Union during World War II. [28], Articles with dead external links from November 2014, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles containing Finnish-language text, Articles containing Norwegian-language text, Articles containing Hungarian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, Self-propelled artillery of the Soviet Union, World War II artillery of the Soviet Union, Hezbollah fired between 3,970 and 4,228 rockets, Tales of ‘Tank City’. Weapons of this type are known by the same name in Denmark (Danish language: Stalinorgel [9] I. Gvay led a design team in Chelyabinsk, Russia, which built several prototype launchers firing the modified 132 mm M-132 rockets over the sides of ZiS-5 trucks. Sovfoto/UIG via Getty Images In August 1939, the result was the BM-13 (BM stands for Боевая Mашина (translit. The Katyusha is a multiple rocket-launcher vehicle nicknamed "Stalin's Organ" due to the alignment of the rocket rails and the near deafening noise of the launch of a rocket volley from it. Later these were also installed on GAZ-67 jeeps as the BM-8-8, and on the larger Studebaker trucks as the BM-8-48. The rocket's devastating destruction also helped to lower the morale of the German army. Built from the ZIS-6 truck, it could carry up to forty-eight 132mm light rockets on its folding frame's racks, firing terrible barrages at a range equivalent to that of 75mm field guns.. [29], Katyusha-like MRLs were also allegedly used by the Rwandan Patriotic Front during its 1990 invasion of Rwanda, through the 1994 genocide. In Bolt Action [1], The first large-scale testing of the rocket launchers took place at the end of 1938, when 233 rounds of various types were used. The truck-mounted Katyushas were installed on ZiS-6 6×4 trucks, as well as the two-axle ZiS-5 and ZiS-5V. The vehicle is unlocked during the event by destroying five vehicles using the BM-8-24. The Katyusha first rolled onto the battlefield during the early days of the German invasion of Russia in 1941, and it remained in use right up until the final days of the war during the assault on Berlin. [18][18][19][20][21] Hamas has launched 122-mm Grad-type Katyusha rockets from the Gaza Strip against several cities in Israel,[22] although they are not reported to have truck-mounted launchers. Three batteries were combined into a division (company), and three divisions into a separate mine-firing regiment of rocket artillery. Each truck had 14 to 48 launchers. [17], By the end of 1942, 57 regiments were in service—together with the smaller independent battalions, this was the equivalent of 216 batteries: 21% BM-8 light launchers, 56% BM-13, and 23% M-30 heavy launchers. Also, several countries have continued to build and operate Katyusha-like systems well into the 21st century, as for example the Teruel MRL of the Spanish Army. [14], Russian forces use BM-27 rocket launchers during the Second Chechen War. Although this type of weapon has existed since the 15th century (Leonardo da Vinci having perfected a similar machine), the design of the Katyusha may have been influenced by Giuseppe Fieschi's Machine infernale - Fieschi was honored in a religious service at a Moscow church at the prompting of Soviet General Kotskov, the inventor of the Katyusha rocket launcher. Following the success, the Red Army organized new Guards mortar batteries for the support of infantry divisions. [35], On January 4, 2020, four Katyusha rockets were fired in the Baghdad area. The Russian army has mounted some multiple rocket launchers on turretless T-72 tanks and called the weapon a TOS-1. With an efficient crew, the launchers could redeploy to a new location immediately after firing, denying the enemy the opportunity for counterbattery fire.

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