This page was last edited on 3 August 2020, at 18:56. Next, the map maker uses the data and attempts to signify it visually on a map (encoding), applying generalization, symbolization, and production methods that will (hopefully) lead to a depiction that can be interpreted by the map user in the way the map maker intended (its purpose). Well-designed maps use variations in the three color variables in ways that reflect the kinds of variations in the underlying data they represent. Unlike the ordered data mentioned in the previous color schemes, qualitative color schemes are used to present categorical data, or data belonging to different categories. Imagine a river composed of numerous meandering streams at a large scale (i.e., zoomed in), but when moving to a smaller scale (i.e., zooming out), the streams are merged into one larger river as it becomes impossible to maintain the detail. Though I will go into some detail on certain aspects of the compile process keep in mind this is not a tutorial on how to compile a map. Below, we provide a few simple guidelines that will allow you to recognize maps that use color in logical as well as illogical ways. As you can see, different patterns emerge depending upon how many classes the cartographer chooses to visualize. In the final process of creating a map, the cartographer symbolizes the selected features on a map. The BSP tool is the one that actually converts the .vmf file data into a usable .bsp file that the game engine can load. vbsp.exe, vvis.exe, vrad.exe). One characterization of this process is depicted in Figure 3.4 below. To make sure that all your entities are working properly, that your lighting is correct, and that you have no bad "brushwork". In How to Lie With Maps, Mark Monmonier discusses how mapmakers intentionally and unintentionally lie through techniques such as map classification, among others. . Figure 3.7: Simplification of cities in the western United States by deleting cities with populations below 500,000. Credit: Jennifer M. Smith, © The Pennsylvania State University; Data from U.S.G.S. But many depictions are much more abstract, such as a circle or star representing a city. We call these primitives graphic variables because each represents a “graphic” (visible) feature of a map symbol that can be “varied.” While different cartographers have identified a slightly different set of primitives, most agree that there are somewhere between 7 and 12 of them from which all maps symbolization can be constructed. They do not create finished maps. It has become possible to map the world on the head of a pin, or even a smaller space, as shown here: Art of Science: World on the Head of a Pin, but, most details get left out. The most commonly cited primitives that can be varied for map symbols are: location, size, shape, orientation, texture, and three components of color – color hue (red, green, blue, etc. Even to achieve a screen-sized map of the world on your computer, map abstraction is fundamental to representing entities in a legible manner. Sequential schemes can rely on only color lightness as shown below (Figure 3.9) at left or may add some color hue variation to enhance differences in categories will retaining the clear visual ordering as shown at right. Key areas addressed are . For instance, on a standard paper highway map of Pennsylvania (the fold-up kind you might have in the glove box of your car, thus about 3 feet across when unfolded), interstate highways are printed at roughly 0.035 inches in width. Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. The topographic elements to be shown on the map are entered on the compilation original in a sequence. The Pennsylvania State University © 2020. Credit: Jennifer M. Smith, © The Pennsylvania State University; Redesigned after lecture slide provided by Barbara Buttenfield, University of Colorado, Department of Geography. Joshua Stevens, Jennifer M. Smith, and Raechel A. Bianchetti (2012), Mapping Our Changing World, Editors: Alan M. MacEachren and Donna J. Peuquet, University Park, PA: Department of Geography, The Pennsylvania State University. The editing plan is supplemented either by a series of graphic charts and a section with the color pattern or by the author’s model. The first stage of the digital map compilation process provides setup information and . That sounds pretty small, right? In analyzing the current trends toward improving map production a number of basic directions may be identified: the development of techniques for compiling and preparing maps for publication; mechanization of photocomposition; introduction of microfilming, electrophotography, and photoluminescence; improvement of photocopying operations; automation of computing and constructing the mathematical base of the map with computers and the automatic coordinatograph; and automation of the preparation of publishing originals and the process of generalization. Editorial and preparatory work concludes with the computation of the cartographic projection, the construction of geographic and coordinate grids, and the entering of geodetic control points, indications of areas adjoining the map margin, the marginal representation, and the basic cartographic material. The decisions on these questions, together with the technical instructions for the method to be followed in compiling, preparing for publication, and publishing the map, are described in an editing plan, or map program. Many people simply do not know or understand how and why a Source map needs to be compiled. Once you have built a level in your editor and saved it to disk for safekeeping you will want to playtest it in Source to see how it turned out. Contact Us, Privacy & Legal Statements | Copyright Information When publication originals are being prepared either by drawing or by scribing on plastic, special masks of transparent plastic are usually made for the color pattern of the map. This is the topic we discuss next. Geographic names are entered immediately after depicting the items to which they refer. Map makers must delete, for instance, cities below a certain population (as done in the map on the right) in order to better serve the purpose of the map. Many people simply do not know or understand how and why a Source map needs to be compiled. As map makers collect data from the environment (through technology and/or remote sensing), they use their perception to detect patterns and subsequently prepare the data for map creation (i.e., they think about the data and its patterns as well as how to best visualize them on a map). This is a key concept to understand: this is ALL the editors do. Those crucial features are applied by the next two tools VIS and RAD. Sequential color schemes should be employed when data is arranged from a low to a high data value (e.g., data for mean annual income by county in Pennsylvania).
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