In many cases, it may be virtually impossible to prevent employees from having their own smartphones or iPads in the workplace. In the e-mail, the user is asked to click a link and log in to a website that mimics the genuine website and enter their ID and password, which are then captured by the attacker. Most e-mail and social media providers now have a two-factor authentication option. Define security attack, security mechanism and security services. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Encryption – even strong methods – won’t protect your users if you don’t configure it properly. Whether they are creating malware that can subvert industrial processes or tricking social network users into handing over login and password information, cybercriminals have a powerful weapon at their disposal: the exploitation of trust. The sequence and acknowledgments take place as follows: The basis of IP spoofing during a TCP communication lies in an inherent security weakness known as sequence prediction. 1. When a hacker on the outside network compromises System A in the DMZ, the attacker can leverage the trust relationship it has to gain access to System A. > Using firewalls and other security technologies, organizations can effectively protect many of their information resources by making them invisible to the outside world. Instead, if you want to access the website, find it yourself and navigate to it directly. Because there is no exploit, there really is no problem yet. You will find many of the administrative controls that help with an enterprise’s information security in the human resources department. The third market transition is about changes to the workplace experience. A security policy should be based on the guiding principles of confidentiality, integrity, and availability.[2]. Other companies may not suffer if their web servers are down for a few minutes once in a while. Depending on the type of information, appropriate timeframe can mean different things. CONNECT. DoS attacks are the most publicized form of attack. When hackers accessed the client’s system, they stole its remote login credentials and used them to grab consumers’ personal information. There have been unacceptable levels of business outages and expensive remediation projects that consume staff, time, and funds that were not originally budgeted for such tasks. As a result, hackers were able to use SQL attacks to gain access to databases with consumers’ credit card information. Information can lose its integrity through malicious intent, such as when someone who is not authorized makes a change to intentionally misrepresent something. Put procedures in place to keep your security current and address vulnerabilities that may arise. Password cracking techniques can be classified as offline or online. TCP session hijacking is a common variant of the man-in-the-middle attack. Which of these represents the strongest defense of a wireless network? This is done through the use of access control. When considering what technical standards to follow, keep in mind that experts already may have developed effective standards that can apply to your business. When the zombies receive instructions from the master agent, they each begin generating malicious traffic aimed at the victim. With RBAC, instead of giving specific users access rights to an information resource, users are assigned to roles and then those roles are assigned the access. For example, if a device is stolen or lost, geolocation software can help the organization find it. The most common of these roles are as follows: It is also important to understand the weaknesses in security countermeasures and operational procedures. For starters, the business could have included contract provisions that required service providers to adopt reasonable security precautions – for example, encryption. But what if an employee working from home requires access to some of these resources? Steganography (from the Greek word steganos, meaning “covered” or “secret”) literally means covered or secret writing. The risk of a server failure rises when these factors go out of a specified range. The location of the data and services accessed by the users is almost irrelevant. Includes tips on how to use and share the Start with Security resources with employees, customers and partners. How do they conduct their attacks? A vulnerability is a weakness in a system or its design that could be exploited by a threat. Services, Network Security Fundamentals Chapter Exam. The company could have improved the security of its authentication mechanism by testing for common vulnerabilities. Hackers try to scan and exploit a single system or a whole set of networks and usually automate the whole process. Choose your answers to the questions and click 'Next' to see the next set of questions. 6. A common thread in infosec forums is that information security specialists must patch all security holes in a network—a hacker only has to find the one that wasn’t patched. They had extensive physical security, using a mix of contactless smart cards and biometrics. Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA), Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS), Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA) in Canada, European Union Data Protection Directive (EU 95/46/EC), Safe Harbor Act - European Union and United States, International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards (Basel II), Government agencies, such as the National Security Agency (NSA) and the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI). Insist that appropriate security standards are part of your contracts. For paper files, external drives, disks, etc., an access control could be as simple as a locked file cabinet. There’s another source of information about keeping sensitive data secure: the lessons learned from the more than 50 law enforcement actions the FTC has announced so far. As a recent example of its activities, in May 2012, Anonymous attacked the website of the Quebec government after its promulgation of a law imposing new requirements for the right to protest by college and university students. Information Systems for Business and Beyond by Dave Bourgeois and David T. Bourgeois is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. If an attacker manages to change the routing tables to divert network packets to the spoofed IP address, the attacker can receive all the network packets addressed to the spoofed address and reply just as any trusted user can. Your email address will not be published. Accessed from http://www.sans.org/security-resources/policies/Policy_Primer.pdf on May 31, 2013. When that identifying token is lost or stolen, the identity can be easily stolen. People are less likely to attack or misbehave if they are required to cooperate with others. It is desirable to eliminate or at least harden such single points of failure in a high-assurance system. Network Security Concepts and Policies, Implementing Cisco IOS Network Security (IINS 640-554) Foundation Learning Guide, 2nd Edition, $55.99 THINK. Don’t make it easy for interlopers to access passwords. You can classify the main vulnerabilities of systems and assets using broad categories: This list mentions just a few of the vulnerability categories. Nowhere is this tactic more widespread than within social networking, where cybercriminals continue to attract victims who are willing to share information with people they believe are known to them, with malware such as Koobface. Here are some lessons from FTC cases to consider when designing your network. For an employee with malicious intent, it would be a very simple process to connect a mobile device either to a computer via the USB port, or wirelessly to the corporate network, and download confidential data. Firewalls are mainly used to protect the system/network from viruses, worms, malware, etc. Before hiring someone, be candid about your security expectations. What’s the necessity of public ring and personal key ring? Our online network security trivia quizzes can be adapted to suit your requirements for taking some of the top network security quizzes. This information can help hackers escalate their privileges on the host or network. 7. Assault on system security that derives from an intelligent threat, a deliberate attempt to evade security services and violate security policy of a system. For example, in Premier Capital Lending, the company allegedly activated a remote login account for a business client to obtain consumer reports, without first assessing the business’s security. Security experts have called Stuxnet “the smartest malware ever.” This worm breaks the malware mold because it is designed to disrupt industrial control systems in critical infrastructure. When looking to secure information resources, organizations must balance the need for security with users’ need to effectively access and use these resources. To execute a brute-force attack, an attacker can use a program that runs across the network and attempts to log in to a shared resource, such as a server. When the destination host receives the requests, it responds to what appears to be a legitimate request. When describing individuals whose intent is to exploit a network maliciously, these individuals are often incorrectly referred to as hackers. Figure 1-2. The algorithm compares this hash to the hash stored on the system. For each user, specific capabilities are assigned, such as read, write, delete, or add. Good planning is needed to balance life safety concerns against security concerns. An asset is anything of value to an organization. Integrity is the assurance that the information being accessed has not been altered and truly represents what is intended. Contact us by phone at (877) 266-4919, or by mail at 100 View Street #202, Mountain View, CA 94041. Confidentiality breaches can occur when an attacker attempts to obtain access to read-sensitive data. Choose your answers to the questions and click 'Next' to see the next set of questions. Upon successful completion of this chapter, you will be able to: Please note, there is an updated edition of this book available at https://opentextbook.site.
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